COPING STRATEGIES PREDICTING QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.43.16891711Keywords:
Coping Strategies, WHO-BREF Quality of Life, People Living with HIV/AIDSAbstract
Sub-Saharan Africa still been prevailed with a pandemic health and development problem known to be HIV/AIDS with the prevalence well noted in Nigeria. Immediately after been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS patients begin to experience poor quality of life. Coping strategies is identified as an influencing factor predicting quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study examines coping strategies predicting quality of life of PLWHA attending antiretroviral therapy at the Hematology and Pathology Clinic, State Specialist Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Using multiple regression analysis, a cross sectional design and a purposive sampling method was employed to sample two hundred and ten PLWHA. A structured questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic profile, coping strategies and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire for HIV-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument was administered to the participants. The results showed that coping strategy significantly predict physical (R=0.41;R2=0.17; p<.05), psychological (R=0.55;R2=0.28; p<.05), social relationship (R=0.50;R2=0.25; p<.05), environment (R=0.55;R2=0.31; P<.05), spirituality (R=0.51;R2=0.26; p<.05) domains and overall WHOQOL-BREF (R=0.58;R2=0.21; p<.05) of PLWHA. However, coping strategy didn’t significantly predict level of independence domain (R=0.25;R2=0.06; p>.05) of quality of life. Specifically, self–distraction (B=0.11;β=0.21; p<.05), active (B=-0.14;β=-0.21; p<.05), acceptance (B=0.12;β=0.19; p<.05) and religion (B=0.08;β=0.15; p<.05) coping strategies independently predict overall WHOQOL-BREF of PLWHA. Also, highest and lowest mean score was recorded in environment and spirituality domains of WHOQOL-BREF respectively. Among PLWHA, coping strategy is essential indicator for the improvement of QoL. Coping strategy plays an important role in the determinant of domains and overall quality of life of PLWHA.
References
Aldwin, C., and Revenson, T. A., (1987). Does coping help? A re-examination of the relation between coping and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 337- 348. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.2.337
Andrykowski, M.A., Brady, M.J., & Hunt, J.W. (1993). Positive psychosocial adjustment in potential bone marrow transplant recipients: cancer as a psychosocial transition. Psycho-Oncol 2: 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.2960020406
Basavaraj, K.H., Navya, M.A & Rashmi, R.,(2010). Quality of life in HIV/AIDS. Indian Journal of Sexual Transmission Diseases. 31(2): 75–80. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.74971
Beck, E.J, Miners, A.H, & Tolley K. (2001).The cost of HIV treatment and care: A global review. Pharmacoeconomics. 19:13–39. [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200119010-00002
Bello, S. I., and Bello,I. K., (2013). Quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients in a secondary health care facility, Ilorin, Nigeria. Proceeding (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 26(2):116–119 https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2013.11928933
Breitbart, W., McDonald, M.V, Rosenfeld, B, Monkman, N.D, & Passik, S. (1998). Fatigue in ambulatory AIDS patients. Journal of Pain Symptom Manage. 15:159–67. [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-3924(97)00260-1
Breznitz, S. (Ed.). (1983). The denial of stress. New York: International Universities Press.
Carretero, M.D, Burgess, A.P, Soler P, Soler M, & Catalán, J. (1996). Reliability and validity of an HIV-specific health-related quality - of - life measure for use with injecting drug users. AIDS. 10: page 1699–1705. [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199612000-00015
Carver, C. S., and Scheier, M. E. (1985). Self-consciousness, expectancies, and the coping process. In T. Field, P. M. McCabe, & N. Schneiderman (Eds.), Stress and coping 3 :page. 305-330). HiUsdale, N J: Erlbaum.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
Carver, C.S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long. Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 4, 92-100 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
Coleman, C.L, and Holzemer, W.L. (1999). Spirituality, psychological well-being, and HIV symptoms for African Americans living with HIV disease. Journal of Association of Nurses AIDS Care. 1999;10: 42–50. [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-3290(06)60231-8
Cummins, R.A., (1997). Comprehensive quality of life scale-adult. Australia: Deakin University. Department of Health and Human Services. Health Resources and Services. Available at http://www.hrsa.gov/about/budget/budgetjustification
Ekwall, A.K, Sivberg, B, & Hallberg, I.R, (2007). Older caregivers’ coping strategies & sense of coherence in relation to quality of life. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 57, 584–596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03994.x
Fauci, A.S.(1999). The AIDS Epidemic: Considerations for the 21st Century. N. England Journal of Medicine; 341:1046–1050. [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199909303411406
Fitzpatrick, J.J., Whall, A.L., Johnston, R.L., & Floyd, J.A. (1982). Nursing Models and Their Psychiatric Mental Health Applications. Bowie, Maryland: Prentice-Hall Publishing and Communications Company.
Fleishman, J., Sherbourne, C.D., Crystal, S., Collins, R.L., Marshall, G.N., & Kelly (2000). Coping Conflictual Social Interaction, Social Support and mood among HIV –infected. American Journal Applied Social Psychology: 28, 421-53 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005132430171
Folasire, O.F, Irabor, A.E, & Folasire, A.M. (2012).Quality of life of People living with HIV and AIDS attending the Antiretroviral Clinic, University College Hospital, Nigeria. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 4 (1), pages.294-298 https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v4i1.294
Friedland J, Renwick R, McColl, M. (1996). Coping and social support as determinants of quality of life in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 8: 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540129650125966
Grant, J.S, Elliott, T.R, Weaver, M, Glandon, G.L, Raper, J.L & Giger, J.N (2006). Social support, social problem-solving abilities, and adjustment of family caregivers of stroke survivors. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 87, 343–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.09.019
Holmes, W.C, Bix, B, Meritz, M, Turner, J., & Hutelmyer C. (1997). Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection and quality of life: The potential impact of Axis I psychiatric disorders in a sample of 95 HIVseropositive men. Psychosomatic Medicine. 59:187–92.[PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199703000-00011
Imam, M.H., Karim, M.R., Ferdous, C., &Akhter S., (2011). Health related quality of life among the people living with HIV. Bangladesh Medical Resources Council Bulletin,37: 1 -6 Inc.: New York, New York. https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i1.7791
Jawad, S., Shalaweh, S., Kamal, W., & Roman, N.V. (2016). The relationship between quality of life, psychological distress and coping strategies of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Cairo, Egypt. 2016 Australasian sexual health, HIV/AIDS Conference.
Jurado, R., Morales,I., Taboada, D., Denia, F., Mingote,J.C., Jiménez, M.A., Palomo, M., & Rubio, G. (2011). Coping strategies and quality of life among liver transplantation candidates. Psicothema. Vol. 23, No 1, pp. 74-79
Karkashadze, E., Gates, M.A.,Chkhartishvili, N., DeHovitz, J., & Tsertsvadze,T.,(2017). Assessment of quality of life in people living with HIV in Georgia. International Journal of STD & AIDS. Vol. 28(7) 672–678 https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416662379
Kohli, R.M., Sane, S., Kumar, K., Paranjape, R.S., & Mehendale, S.M. (2005). Modification of Medical Outcome Study (MOS).Indian Journal Medical Resources.122:297–304.
Laar, A., Manu, A. Laar, M, El-Adas, A., Amenyah, R., Atuahene, R., Quarshie, D., Adjei, A., & Quakyi, I. (2015).Coping strategies of HIV-affected households in Ghana. BMC Public Health. Vol. 15:16. page 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1418-x
Lazarus RS (1993) Coping therapy and research: past, present, and future. Psychosomatic Med. 55: 234-247. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199305000-00002
Lazarus RS, and Folkman S.,(1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984.
Lazarus, R.L., and Monat, A. (Eds). (1977). Stress and coping: An anthology. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lee, M. (2012) Religious Coping, Depression, and Quality of Life in People Living with HIV/AIDS. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Philosophy Department of Clinical Psychology.
Liping M, Peng X, Haijiang L, Lahong J, & Fan L (2015) Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Sectional Study in Zhejiang Province, China. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0135705. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135705
McCrae, R. R. (1984). Situational determinants of coping responses: Loss, threat, and challenge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 919-928. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.919
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1986). Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality, 54, 385--405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00401.x
Minazzato, L., Amodio, P., Cillo, U., Zanus, G., Schiff, S., & Bombonato, G., et al. (2009). Subjective satisfaction and quality of life in patients prior to listing for liver transplantation. International Journal of Artificial Organs, 32(1), 39-42 https://doi.org/10.1177/039139880903200105
Moneyham, L, Hennessy, M, Sowell R, Demi A, Seals B, & Mizuno Y. (1998). The effectiveness of coping strategies used by HIV-seropositive women. Res Nurs Health. 21:351–62. [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199808)21:4<351::AID-NUR7>3.0.CO;2-E
Moos, R.H., (1986). Coping with the life crises. An integrated approach New York. Plenun Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7021-5
Osamika, B.E. & Mayungbo, O.A (2017). Stages of HIV/AIDS, Marital Status and Perceived Quality of Life. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(4)
Roger, C. McIntosh, Monica, & Rosselli, (2012). Stress and Coping in Women Living with HIV:A Meta- Analytic Review AIDS Behav 16:2144–2159
Santos, P, R.,(2010). Correlation between coping style and quality of life among hemodialysis patients from a low- income area in Brazil. Hemodialysis International; 14:316–321 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-4758.2010.00449.x
Schmitz, M.F, & Crystal, S.(2000). Social relations, coping, and psychological distress among persons with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 30:665–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02818.x
Seligman, M. E., (2002). Authentic Happiness. Free Press: A Division of Simon and Schuster, Inc.: New York.
Semba, R.D, Martin, B.K, Kempen, J.H, Thorne, J.E, & Wu, A.W.(2005). Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group. The impact of anemia on energy and physical functioning in individuals with AIDS. Arch Intern Med. 165(19):2229–2236. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.19.2229
Smith, G.M, Neupane, S.P., Utsav,T., Sagar,K., Santosh, T.,& Sashi, S., (2013). Quality Of Life Among People Living With Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy: A Study From Nepal. HIV/AIDS – Research and Palliative Care,5. Pp277-282 https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S50726
Srivastava, K., Das,R.C., Kohli, R. Yadav,P., Prakash,J & Saha, A.(2016). A Cross-Sectional Study of Adaptation, Coping and Quality of Life in the HIV Seropositive Cases. Journal Psychiatry, Volume 19 • Issue 5, Pages, 1-5 https://doi.org/10.4172/2378-5756.1000386
Tarakeshwar, N., Vanderwerker, L.C., Paulk, E., Pearce. M.J., Kasl,S.,& Prigerson,H.,(2006). Religious Coping is Associated with the Quality of Life of Patients with Advanced Cancer. Journal Palliatives Medicine. 9(3): 646–657 https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2006.9.646
The WHOQOL Group. (1995).The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci. Med. 41(10):1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-K
UNAIDS (2016) Fact Sheet, November, 2016
UNAIDS. Global Report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013.
United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) (2011). UNGASS Country Progress Report: Nigeria.
Walker, N, Grassly, N.C, Garnett, G.P, Stanecki, K.A, & Ghys, P.D. (2004). Estimating the global burden of HIV/AIDS: What do we really know about the HIV pandemic? Lancet. 363:2180–5. [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16511-2
WHOQOL (World Health Organization‘s Quality of Life Instrument) HIV Group.(2003). Initial steps to developing the World Health Organization‘s Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL) module for international assessment in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care.15 (3):347-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954012031000105405
World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Group. WHO Definition of Quality of Life. (1995, 1998). Available at http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html. Retrieved on 25th January, 2018.
Yu, Y., Hu, J., Efird, J. T., & McCoy, T. P. (2013). Social support, coping strategies and health-related quality of life among primary caregivers of stroke survivors in China. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(15-16) 2160-2171. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12251
Zinkernagel, C, Ledergerber, B, Battegay, M, Cone, R.W, Vernazza, P, & Hirschel, B. (1999).Quality of life in asymptomatic patients with early HIV infection initiating antiretroviral therapy: Swiss HIV Cohort Study. AIDS.13:1587–9. [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199908200-00024
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
