INVESTIGATION OF VOT AS AN ACOUSTIC FEATURE OF CONSONANTS IN STRESSED SYLLABLE IN ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.33.113Keywords:
Down Syndrome (DS), VOT (voice onset time), Stressed Syllable, Unstressed Syllable, Voiced Position, Voiceless PositionAbstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic impairment, which is caused by the copy of an additional chromosome 21. In the case of Down syndrome, physical and health disorders, intellectual disabilities, and neuron-psychological defects are undeniable. The purpose of this research is to investigate acoustically voice onset time (VOT) in stressed and unstressed positions in adults with Down syndrome. For this purpose, two minimal pairs (tɒbeʃ/tɒb-eʃ – tɒpeʃ/tɒp-eʃ) are considered. In this study, 18 research participants with Down syndrome (nine boys with mean of ages 28, and nine girls with mean of ages 30), were asked to pronounce tɒbeʃ/tɒb-eʃ and tɒpeʃ/tɒp-eʃ and repeat them four times. The participants' productions were recorded using a Shure microphone and analyzed by PRAAT (6.0.22) software. The results revealed that VOT mean of [b, p] in stressed syllable significantly differs from that in unstressed syllable in adults with Down syndrome.
References
Abolhasanizadeh, V., Bijankhah, M., & Gussenhoven, C. (2012). The Persian pitch accent and its retention after the focus. Lingua, 122, 1380-1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.06.002
Abramson, W. A. S. (1977). Laryngeal timing in consonant distinction. Phonetica, 34, 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1159/000259888
Dalgic, A., Kandogan, T., & Aksoy, G. (2015). Voice onset time for Turkish stop consonant in adult cochlear implanted patient. Indian Journal Otolaryngology Head Neck Surge, 67(3), 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-014-0784-5
Docherty, G. J. (1992). The timing of voicing in British English obstruents, New York: Foris, 13-14. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110872637
Ferguson, C. A. (1957). Word stress in Persian. Language, 33, 123-135. https://doi.org/10.2307/410724
Hardcastle, W. J. (1973). Some observation on the Tense-Lax distinction in initial stops in Korean. Journal of phonetics, 1, 263-271.
Jahangiri, N., & Rouhi, Z. (2010). Etiology of speech-language delays, and failures of mental retardation in Down syndrome. Journal of Linguistics and Khorasan Dialects, 3, 135-172.
Kahnemuyipour, A. (2003). Syntactic categories and Persian stress. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 21, 333-379. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023330609827
Klatt, D. H. (1957). Voice onset time, frication, and aspiration in word-initial consonant clusters. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 18(4), 686-706. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.1804.686
Kumin, L. (2006). Speech intelligibility and childhood verbal apraxia in children with Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Research and Practice, 10(1), 10-22. https://doi.org/10.3104/reports.301
Lane, H. & Perkell, J. S. (2005). Control of voice-onset time in the absence of hearing: a review. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 48(6), 1334–1343, https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/093)
Lazard, G. (1958). Grammaire du person contemporain. Linguistic Society of America, 34, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.2307/411285
Lehiste, I. (1970). Suprasegmentals. Massachusetts: The M.I.T press.
Lisker, L., & Abramson, W. A. S. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 20(3), 384-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1964.11659830
Morris, R. J., McCrea, C. R., & Herring, K. D. (2008). Voice onset time differences between adult male and female: Isolated syllable. Journal of Phonetics, 36, 308-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2007.06.003
Redman, R. S., Shapiro, B. L., & Gorlin, R. J. (1966). Measurement of normal and reportedly malformed palatal vaults. II. Normal juvenile measurements, Journal of dental research, 45(2), 266-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345660450020801
Roizen, N.J., & Patterson, D. (2003). Down’s syndrome. The Lancet, 361, 1281-1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12987-X
Ryalls, J., Gustafson, K., & Santini, G. (1999). Preliminary investigation of voice onset time production in persons with Dysphagia. Dysphagia, 14, 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00009601
Sadeghi, V. (2012). The perception of lexical stress in Persian. Journal of Language and Comparative Literature Research, 2(10), 153-176.
Sadeghi, V. (2013). Acoustic correlates of lexical stress in Persian. Quarterly Journal of Language Research, 9, 95-121.
Stevens, L K. N., Keyser, S. J., & Kawasaki, H. (1986). Toward a phonetic and phonological theory of redundant features. In Invariance and variability in speech processes, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 426-463.
Sweeting, P. M., & Baken, R. J. (1982). Voice onset time in a normal-aged population. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 25, 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2501.129
Tavakol, S., Shafiei, B., & Ali Nia, L. (2012). Evaluation of phonological awareness skills in educable children with Down’s syndrome (mental age of 7 to 12 years) resident on Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Science, 5, 605-612.
Whiteside, S. P., & Irving, C. J. (1998). Speakers’ sex difference in voice onset time: A study of isolated word production. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 651-654. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.651
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nasim Khaloueipour, Vahideh Abolhasanizedeh, Farshad Shafiei Moghadam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
