BREAKING SILENCE, SHAPING HISTORY: UNVEILING MARGINALIZED FEMALE WAR-CRIME SURVIVORS’ VOICES

Received: 7th August 2023 Revised: 13th December 2023, 18th December 2023 & 21st December 2023 Accepted: 14th September 2023

Authors

  • Bhaswati Bhattacharjee Department of English & Other European Languages, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2024.102.136149

Keywords:

Life Writing, Women’s Experiences, War Memoirs, Intersectionality, Biopolitics

Abstract

This paper is the synopsis of an ongoing qualitative research project on an intersectional and biopolitical analysis of selected war memoirs written by marginalized female war crime survivors. The primary object of this research is to explore the layers of subjectivity as expressed through the memoirs by women who, in different corners of the world, were subjected to different forms of war crimes during the late twentieth and the twenty-first century. The research paper aims to find whether these life-writings should be recognized only as chronicles of their silent sufferings or as bold proclamations of their resistance against the biopolitical oppressions they were exposed to. In order to do so, a theoretical framework comprising intersectionality and biopolitics will be used according to which the selected memoirs will be critically analyzed. The proposed research will follow a research methodology that is descriptive, correlational, analytical, and exploratory in approach. The primary findings reveal the historical trajectory of women's autobiographical writings related to war and conflicts, identifying the scarcity of such narratives that underscores the challenges faced by survivors in documenting their experiences. The expected outcome is to offer a counter-narrative to official war stories, demonstrating the efficacy of testimonial life-writings from marginalized individuals as human rights activism tools, with potential implications for policy-making, advocacy against sexual violence in conflict zones, and contributing evidence for prevention, justice, and support initiatives, while also highlighting ethical challenges and paving the way for further studies on the intersectional and biopolitical dimensions of sexual violence.

References

Abdullahi, F. (2016). Rape as a weapon of war in Darfur [Master’s Theses]. University of San Francisco. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/212

Acan, G. (2018). Not Yet Sunset. Fountain Publishers.

Acton, C. (2004). Diverting the Gaze: The Unseen Text in Women’s War Writing. College Literature, 31(2), 53–79. https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2004.0016

Anonymous. (2006). A Woman in Berlin: Eight Weeks in the Conquered City: A Diary. Picador. https://library.lol/main/78D7DA1584BE9DB1B321BE6A90F6F637

Bashir, H., & Lewis, D. (2008). Tears of the Desert: One Woman’s True Story of Surviving the Horrors of Darfur. Hodder & Stoughton.

BBC World Service - Documentary Archive - Only One Bakira. (2008, January 7). https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/documentaries/2008/01/071227_only_one_bakira.shtml

Case Information Sheet: Višegrad (IT-98-32/1), Milan Lukić & Sredoje Lukić. (2012). In United Nations | International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. https://www.icty.org/case/milan_lukic_sredoje_lukic

Collins, P. H. & Bilge S. (2020). Intersectionality. Polity Press. https://www.perlego.com/book/1536696/intersectionality-pdf

Dietrich, R. (2016). Embodied Memories: Settler Colonial Biopolitics and Multiple Genealogies in Deborah Miranda’s Bad Indians: A Tribal Memoir. In M. R. Griffiths (Ed.), Biopolitics and Memory in Postcolonial Literature and Culture (pp. 137–152). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315563060-7

Dombrowski, N. A. (2004). Women and War in the Twentieth Century: Enlisted with or without Consent. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203020326

Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction. Random House. https://library.lol/main/CAD3DFB904803933B4A1EA60C3BFAE9F

Fuchs, M. (2004). The Text Is Myself: Women’s Life Writing and Catastrophe. The University of Wisconsin Press. https://library.lol/main/08B08A9D397A2ED998EC1939E737778E

Grice, H. (2012). “The Voice in the Picture”: Reversing the Angle in Vietnamese American War Memoirs. Journal of American Studies, 46(4), 941-958. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021875811001964

Khalaf, F., & Hoffmann, A. C. (2017). The girl who escaped ISIS: This Is My Story. Simon and Schuster. https://library.lol/main/468079118696AF16FAD7085B1C8FBFC7

Lindhout, A., & Corbett, S. (2013). A House in the Sky: A Memoir. Scribner. https://library.lol/main/7E95D6F1E651C9810AEC737ECE732118

M. Given, L. (Ed.). (2008). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909

Mardiganian, A. (1997). Ravished Armenia and the Story of Aurora Mardiganian (A. Slide, Ed.). University Press of Mississippi. https://library.lol/main/323020A883A10299B9098AB353D258B9

Martínez García, A. B. (2020). New Forms of Self-Narration: Young Women, Life Writing and Human Rights. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46420-2

Murad, N. & Krajeski, J. (2017). The Last Girl: My Story of Captivity, and My Fight against the Islamic State. Tim Duggan Books. https://library.lol/main/399BFAF060281D612322CD1A44C3E749

Nishimwe, C. (2012). Tested To The Limit: A Genocide Survivor’s Story of Pain, Resilience and Hope (B. Black, Ed.). Balboa Press.

Ruff O’Herne, J. (2008). Fifty Years of Silence: The Extraordinary Memoir of a War Rape Survivor. Mehta Publishing House. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047407430_005

Shahriari, F., & Baradaran Jamili, L. (2021). A Geocritical Rethinking of Iranian and American Female War Memoirs: Da and Rule Number 2. Journal of Comparative Literature, 12(23), 225-255. https://www.sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/30713992310.pdf

Skjelsbæk, I. (2006). Victim and Survivor: Narrated Social Identities of Women Who Experienced Rape During the War in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Feminism & Psychology, 16(4), 373–403. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353506068746

Stewart, V. (2003). Women’s Autobiography: War and Trauma. Palgrave Macmillan. https://library.lol/main/1D59C71FC1C7CA343D01DD7795A5CAFE

Tylee, C. M. (1990). The Great War and Women’s Consciousness Images of Militarism and Womanhood in Women’s Writings, 1914-64. The Macmillan Press Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20454-0

Downloads

Published

2024-06-15

How to Cite

Bhaswati Bhattacharjee. (2024). BREAKING SILENCE, SHAPING HISTORY: UNVEILING MARGINALIZED FEMALE WAR-CRIME SURVIVORS’ VOICES: Received: 7th August 2023 Revised: 13th December 2023, 18th December 2023 & 21st December 2023 Accepted: 14th September 2023. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 10(2), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2024.102.136149