INVOLUTION IN INDONESIAN CIVILIZATION (A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE INDONESIAN SOCIETY SINCE INDEPENDENCE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.33.14551465Keywords:
Civilization, Evolution, Involution, Social & Political Behavior, Self-Identity, Self-Making.Abstract
This paper begins with crucial inquiries about the process of Indonesian civilization growth: Why is the Indonesian self-identity different from those of its neighboring nations? Is there anything amiss in its process of self-making? How exactly did this nation come into being in relation with the roles of the actors involved in that process? The questions above will be responded with hypothetical answers through a historical review of the social and political behavior of the Indonesian society since its independence. Indonesia’s self-making process will be reviewed back from the period of its independence to see how its civilization grew in comparison to other nations around it. Is it true that the revolution of independence had disjointed this nation’s civilization growth process, or is there any other cause? In comparison with those of its neighboring nations, the Indonesia’s civilization growth is ratherinvolutive than evaluative, and this may not change at least for the foreseeable future. This paper aims to analyze it in a hypothetical review. The implication of this paper is the suggestion for Indonesian nation to be alert of the potential continuation of conflicts that may perpetuate the involution process, which can hamper Indonesia’s civilization growth.
References
Ankerl, Guy. (2000). Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations: Arab-Muslim, Bhatari, Chinese, and Western. Geneva : Interpress.
Brinton, Crane, et.al. (1984). A History of Civilization: Prehistory to 1715. Sixth Edition,
Englewood Cliffs. Printice Hall : NJ.
Chrisholm, Jane and Anne Millard. (1996).Early Civilization. London: Usborne.
David Gauntlet. (2001). http: wwww.theory.org.uk. Resources: Anthony Giddens.
Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe. (2000). Civilizations. London: McMillan.
Giddens, Anthony. (1984). The constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration.
Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, Anthony. (1993). New Rules of Sociological Method: A Positive Critique of Interpretive Sociologies, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Politu Press.
Giddens, Anthony. (1990). The consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, Anthony. (1989). Social Theories of Modern Societies. Cambridge: Plity Press.
Giddens, Anthony. (1991). Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Stanford: University Press.
Nuri Yurdusev, A. (2003). International Relations and Philoshophy of History: A Civilizational Approach. London: Mc Millan https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403938404
Rahman, Bustami. (2007). Conflict of Farming Land in Java : Evolution Versus Involution. Pangkalpinang: UBB Press.
Rahman, Bustami and Hary Yuswadi. (2005). Indonesian Social Cultural System. Jember: Kompyawisda.
Rodimi, Odudele. (2015). Sociological Observation of African Cultural Values in The Light of Modernity : The Experience of Yoruba in Nigeria, PEOPLE : International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 62-72.
www.infoplease.com/ipa/AQ108144.html (2008). History of Vietnam.
www.infoplease.com/ipa/AQ107751.html (2008). History of Malaysia.
www.wikipedia.org/wiki (2008). History of Thailand.
www.wikipedia.org/wiki (2008). History of Brunei Darussalam.
www.wikipedia.org/wiki (2008). History of Singapore.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Bustami Rahman, Sujadmi , Luna Febriani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
