EMPOWERING APPROACHES BY CHINESE PARENTS OF SPECIAL NEED CHILDREN

Authors

  • Wong Kear Kyii Faculty of Education and Social Science, University of Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.15581570

Keywords:

Special Need Child, Chinese Parents, Empowering, Grounded, Pragmatic

Abstract

There is a large variation in the experience of caring for special need children. The objective of this study was to identify the empowering approaches of Chinese parents related to their care-giving experience.17 Chinese parents from 16 families whose children are attending a private school and a learning centre were interviewed in this study. A semi-structured face-to-face interview was used and responses were coded using grounded theory to identify themes of empowering approaches. Being cognitively and psycho-emotionally grounded enables Chinese parents to make sound decisions. The overwhelming needs related to caring for their special need child impel them to remain pragmatic when making appraisals.  Their concern about the future of their child urges them to adopt a proactive approach. Interventional services aimed at helping Chinese parents to care for their special need child should include initiatives of empowering them to adopt positive approaches. Future research should look into the effectiveness of these approaches when adopted by novice parents.

References

Amar-Singh, H. S. S. (2008). Meeting the needs of children with disability in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia, 63(1), 1-3.

Baker-Ericzen, M. J., Brookman-Frazee, L., & Stahmer, A. (2005). Stress levels and adaptability in parents of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorders. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 30, 194-204. https://doi.org/10.2511/rpsd.30.4.194

Banach, M., Iudice, J., Conway, L., & Couse, L. J. (2010). Family support and empowerment: Post autism diagnosis support group for parents. Social work with groups, 33(1), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/01609510903437383

Blustein, C. L., Carter., E. W., & McMillan, E. D. (2016). The voices of parents: post-high school expectations, priorities, and concerns for children with intellectual and development disabilities. Journal of Special Education, 50(3), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466916641381

Chamberlain, K., Camic, P., & Yardley, L. (2004) ‘Qualitative Analysis of Experience: Grounded Theory and Case Studies’, in D. F. Marks and L. Yardley (eds). Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology, pp.69–89. London: Sage.

Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2015). Report of Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey 2014. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=120&bul_id=aHhtTHVWNVYzTFBua2dSUlBRL1Rjdz09&menu_id=amVoWU54UTl0a21NWmdhMjFMMWcyZz09

Dillenburger, K., Keenan, M., Gallagher, S., & McElhinney, M. (2010). Autism: Intervention and parental empowerment. Child care in practice, 8(3), 216-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357527022000040426

Essex, E. L., Seltzer, M. M., & Krauss, M. W. (1999). Differences in coping effectiveness and well-being among aging mothers and fathers of adults with mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104, 545-563. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(1999)104<0545:DICEAW>2.0.CO;2

Itzhaky, H. & Schwartz, C. (2010). Empowerment of parents of children with disabilities: The effect of community and personal variables. Journal of family social work, 5(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1300/J039v05n01_03

Johnson, R. F., O’Reilly, M., & Vostanis, P. (2006). Caring for children with learning disabilities who present problem behaviours: a maternal perspective. Journal of Child Health Care, 10(3), 188-198. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493506066480

Kersh, J., Hedvat, T. T., Hauser-Cram, P., & Warfield, M. E. (2006). The contribution of marital quality to the well-being of parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 883-893. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00906.x

Lazarus, R. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.

Lin, C. H., Wu, S. F., Chen, Y. J., & Huang, M. K. (2016). The effects of causal attribution on academic performance. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 738-751.

Lustig, D. C. (2002).Family coping in families with a child with a disability. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 37, 14-22.

Malik, S., & Umi Kalthom. (2015). PEOPLE: International journal of social sciences. Role of special education curriculum in adjustment of physically handicapped children in society. 1(1), 904-911.

Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2006). Report of the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III). Institute of Public Health, Kuala Lumpur.

Mulligan, J., MacCulloch, R., Good, B., & Nicholas, D. B. (2012). Transparency, hope, and empowerment: A model for partnering with parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder at diagnosis and beyond. Social work in mental health, 10(4), 311-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2012.664487

Narkunam, N., Hashim, A. H., Sachdev, M. K., Pillai, S. K. and Ng, C. G. (2014), Stress among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a Malaysian experience. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 6, 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00216.x

Neely-Barnes, S. L. & Dia, D. A. (2008). Families of children with disabilities: a review of literature and recommendations for interventions. Journal of Early and Intensive Behaviour Intervention, 5(3), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100425

Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (1984). Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence. Psychological Review, 91(3), 347-374. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.91.3.347

Quine, L. & Pahl, J. (1991). Stress and coping in mothers caring for a child with severe learning difficulties: a test of Lazarus’ Transactional Model of Coping’, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology,1(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2450010109

Saloviita, T., Italinna, M., & Leinonen, E. (2003). Explaining the parental stress of fathers and mothers caring for a child with intellectual disability: A double ABCX model. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 300-312. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00492.x

Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Quantitative Research. London: Sage.

Taub, D. J. (2006). Understanding the concerns of parents of students with disabilities: Challenges and roles for school counselors. Professional School Counseling Journal, 10(1), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.5330/prsc.10.1.b0mkn7k57w583266

Weiner, B. (1972). Theories of motivation: From mechanism to cognition. Chicago: Rand-McNally.

Ylven, R., Bjorck-Akesson, E., & Granlund, M. (2006). Literature review of positive functioning in families with children with a disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 3, 253-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2006.00089.x

Downloads

Published

2017-10-17

How to Cite

Kyii, W. (2017). EMPOWERING APPROACHES BY CHINESE PARENTS OF SPECIAL NEED CHILDREN. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 1558–1570. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.15581570