RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NORMAL- AND SUPERCURRENTS IN THE VARIOUS SIZED MATERIALS

Abstract

In the previous works [1-7], we suggested that in the materials with large HOMO-LUMO gaps, the Cooper pairs are formed by the large HOMO-LUMO gaps as a consequence of the quantization of the orbitals by nature, and by the attractive Coulomb interactions between two electrons with opposite momentum and spins occupying the same orbitals via the positively charged nuclei. We also suggest the reasonable mechanism of the occurrence of granular high temperature superconductivity in the graphite powder treated by water or exposed to the hydrogen plasma, discovered by Esquinazi et al. (Scheike et. al; 2012), on the basis of our previous theoretical works described above [1-7], which can be well confirmed by the recent experimental work (Wehlitz et. al; 2012). We also suggest the general guiding principle towards high temperature superconductivity. On the basis of these previous studies, we compare the normal metallic states with the superconducting states. Furthermore, in this article, we elucidate the mechanism of the Faraday’s law (experimental rule discovered in 1834) in normal metallic states and the Meissner effects (discovered in 1933) in superconductivity, on the basis of the theory suggested in our previous researches. Because of the very large stabilization energy of about 35 eV for the Bose–Einstein condensation, the Faraday’s law, Ampère’s law, and the Meissner effects can be observed.