MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology

REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICALS

2024-03-05T05:28:01+00:00

The Refinery and Petrochemical industry in Nigeria plays a vital role in the country's economy. Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa and has significant oil reserves. The industry involves the refining of crude oil into various petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, as well as the production of petrochemicals used in manufacturing processes. The Nigerian government has been making efforts to revitalize and expand the country's refining and petrochemical capabilities. This includes the construction of new refineries and the rehabilitation of existing ones to increase production capacity and reduce the country's dependence on imported petroleum products. The industry also presents opportunities for job creation and economic growth. It provides employment for a significant number of people, both directly and indirectly, through various stages of the value chain. Additionally, the development of petrochemical facilities can attract investments and contribute to the growth of other industries in Nigeria. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, security concerns, and regulatory issues need to be addressed to fully harness the potential of the Refinery and Petrochemical industry in Nigeria.

COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND TIME-LAG IN RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS: A NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY ON PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL WITH MYCELIUM INTEGRATION IN AMMAN

2024-03-05T05:48:28+00:00

This study explores the feasibility of enhancing energy efficiency in residential buildings within the climatic conditions of Amman, Jordan, by introducing a novel material termed "Phase Change Material with Mycelium Integration (PCMMI)." Utilizing numerical simulations via Autodesk-Revit, the thermal performance of a typical residential building was evaluated, comparing conventional construction materials with PCMMI. The investigation focused on three crucial components: external walls (W.01), roof (R.01), and ground floor slab (S.01), all of which initially failed to meet prescribed thermal transmittance codes. Integration of PCMMI successfully improved the building envelope's thermal performance, aligning with Jordanian regulations for thermal insulation. Additionally, a parametric analysis assessed the time-lag of materials in the residential envelope, revealing an average delay of approximately 8 hours. This delay implies that, with the addition of the PCMMI layer, the envelope requires 8 hours to transmit outdoor temperatures (e.g., 30°C) to the interior's peak temperature, thereby showcasing the material's potential in mitigating energy demand.

EFFECTS OF ADDING CALCIUM CHLORIDE IN ELECTROLYTES ON THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL BY VERTICAL ELECTRO-KINETIC METHOD

2024-03-05T06:46:55+00:00

Soil heavy metal pollution is an important environmental issue, and the electro kinetic method has been considered as an effective remediation technology for removing heavy metals from soil. In electro kinetic study, the properties of the electrolyte such as pH value, electrical conductivity and surface tension are the essential factors affecting the soil remediation efficiency. A previous study has shown that the Effective Microorganisms (EM) could be a potential electrolyte for soil electro kinetic experiment. This study tested the effect of adding additional calcium chloride in EM combined with vertical electric flushing method on soil heavy metal removal. The test soil sample was collected from farmland polluted by heavy metals in Changhua County in Taiwan, and the soil mainly contained copper and zinc. After 21 days of vertical electric flushing study, the total copper removal rate followed the following order: EM+0.01M calcium chloride (54.8%) > EM (31.25%) > EM+0.05 M (19.67%). The total zinc removal rate followed the following order: EM (69.36%)> EM+0.01M calcium chloride (65.71%) > EM+0.05M calcium chloride (55.55%). Overall as the concentration of calcium chloride added to the EM bacterial solution increase. Overall, adding 0.01 M calcium chloride in EM could significantly improve the copper removal efficiency. But for zinc, adding calcium chloride does not significantly help the removal rate of zinc.

EFFICIENT DETECTION OF MULTICLASS EYE DISEASES USING DEEP LEARNING MODELS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2024-03-18T06:53:13+00:00

Eye diseases are a significant health concern that adversely impacts human life. Cataracts,
diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma are some of the diseases that cause irreversible and serious
health problems. Eye health is greatly influenced by age, genetics, and environmental factors.
Proper diagnosis of eye ailments is crucial, as it ensures accurate and effective treatment. The
proximity of disease detection to error for accurate and personalized treatment intensifies the
clinician's responsibility further. Developing technology and deep learning make it feasible to
determine if an individual has an eye disease, and to identify the specific disease. The objective of
this research is to design resolutions for detecting significant health issues such as eye diseases
with the aid of deep learning models. DenseNet, EfficientNet, Xception, VGG, and ResNet
architectures, which are prominent Convolutional Neural Network models, are utilized to address
the issue at hand. Technical term abbreviations are explained where first used. The dataset
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employed for detecting diseases in retinal fundus images consists of a total of 4217 images,
comprising 1038 cataracts, 1098 diabetic-retinopathy, 1007 glaucoma, and 1074 healthy
individuals. The performance of the tested models was assessed using evaluation metrics such as
accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, and Matthews's correlation coefficient metrics through 10-
fold cross-validation. Upon analysis of the classification performances, the EfficientNet model
obtained the best results for these evaluation metrics at 87.84%, 92.84%, 94.41%, 93.53%, and
83.87%, respectively. Thus, EfficientNet architecture delivered the best classification performance
in this context.

INTELLIGENT NUMERICAL METHOD FOR STUDYING MHD MAXWELL WILLIAMSON NANOFLUID FLOW WITH BIO-CONVECTION AND ACTIVATION ENERGY

2024-03-18T07:00:56+00:00

The use of artificial intelligence and its techniques has become increasingly widespread in recent times. It is being used to solve problems in various fields, especially in solving stiff non-linear equations that are considered mathematical models that represent a problem and predict results with high accuracy, effectiveness, and speed. Additionally, nanofluids play a pivotal role in studying heat transfer, particularly in the field of solar energy and its sources. All of this was the reason and motivation for doing this work. This work investigates a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic stretched flow (2D-MHDSF) of Maxwell Williamson nanofluid (MWNF) affected by bioconvection and activation energy numerically through Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation method (LMBM)-based supervised artificial neural network approach (ANN). The mathematical formulation for the problem was obtained through non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). The leading PDEs were transmitted into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by similarity transformation variables. The reference results for the 2D-MHDSF-MWNF model are produced by the Lobatto IIIA method through different scenarios of specific parameters for the flow velocity, fluid temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and motile density profiles. Using the obtained results as a dataset to apply the testing, training, and validation steps of the suggested ANN-LMBM for the 2D-MHDSF-MWNF model. The mean squared error, fitting curve, analysis of regression, and error histograms are presented to prove the efficiency and precision of the proposed method. The numerical results of ANN-LMBM are displayed as a study of the effects of different physical factors on flow dynamics for 2D-MHDSF-MWNF. For larger values of magnetic parameter, the flow velocity decreases while the distribution of the temperature, concentration rates, and microorganism density increase. The increasing value for the activation energy parameter leads to a rise in the concentration. In the future, analyze the impact of the activation energy on various nano-fluidic models by applying the proposed method LMBM.

RESPONSE SOLUTIONS OF 2-DIMENSIONAL ELLIPTIC DEGENERATE QUASI-PERIODIC SYSTEMS WITH SMALL PARAMETERS

2024-04-01T09:19:41+00:00

This paper concerns quasi-periodic perturbations with parameters of 2-dimensional degenerate systems. If the equilibrium point of the unperturbed system is elliptic-type degenerate. Assume that the perturbation is real analytic quasi-periodic with diophantine frequency. Without imposing any assumption on the perturbation, we can use a path of equilibrium points to tackle with the Melnikov non-resonance condition, then by the Leray-Schauder Continuation Theorem and the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser technique, it is proved that the equation has a small response solution for many sufﬁciently small parameters.

ROGUE WAVES ARISING ON THE STANDING PERIODIC WAVE IN THE HIGH-ORDER ABLOWITZ-LADIK EQUATION

2024-04-01T09:25:06+00:00

The nonlinear Schr¨odinger (NLS) equation models wave dynamics in many physical problems related to fluids, plasmas, and optics. The standing periodic waves are known to be modulationally unstable and rogue waves (localized perturbations in space and time) have been observed on their backgrounds in numerical experiments. The exact solutions for rogue waves arising on the periodic standing waves have been obtained analytically. It is natural to ask if the rogue waves persist on the standing periodic waves in the integrable discretizations of the integrable NLS equation. We study the standing periodic waves in the semidiscrete integrable system modeled by the high-order Ablowitz-Ladik (AL) equation. The standing periodic wave of the high-order AL equation is expressed by the Jacobi cnoidal elliptic function. The exact solutions are obtained by using the separation of variables and one-fold Darboux transformation. Since the cnoidal wave is modulationally unstable, the rogue waves generated on the periodic background.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT IN INDONESIA

2024-04-01T09:31:18+00:00

Trademark as part of intellectual property rights is one of the most important elements in the business world. Trademark protection is one form of legal certainty required by investors, both domestic and foreign. The legal certainty also expects law enforcement against trademark infringement. The number of trademark infringement that occurred in Indonesia from 2015 to 2023 shows an increasing trend. The purposes of this research are to explore and analyze regarding the cause of trademark infringement and to investigate how efforts should be made to solve and reduce the number of trademark infringements in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research underpinned by interviews as well as through library research by tracing secondary data, using documentation methods and instrument in the form of document studies. Interviews were conducted with resource persons using interview guidelines. Then, data were analyzed using qualitative analysis.The result shows that the reason for trademark infringement is economic reasons. The offending party has bad intentions and assumes that the business whose trademark is to be imitated has good potential and person concerned can obtain a reasonable profit (good turnover potential) if using the same or similar trademark. The second is the party whose trademark is used by another party without rights needs to make a complaint about the trademark infringement because the violation/ infringement of intellectual property rights (including trademark infringement) is a complaint of violation that must be reported by the injured party to the law enforcer. This research is expected to provide input to the government and law enforcer in Indonesia related to law enforcement against trademark infringement that occurred in Indonesia.

THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL APARTMENT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIT OWNERS’ PROSPERITY IN INDONESIA (Case Study in Apartemen Pondok Indah Villa III Jakarta and Apartemen Sejahtera Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

2024-04-01T09:36:44+00:00

The purpose of the research is to find out the managemenrt of commercial apartment relating to the prosperity of the unit owners. It uses empirical legal research by examining the operation of management of the apartment by case study at Apartemen Pondok Klub Villa III Jakarta and Apartemen Sejahtera Yogyakarta, in the perpective of the prosperity of the unit owners. The result shows that both apartment management embody the prosperity of the unit owners eventhough with different management and result. In the cases, the Apartemen Pondok Klub Villa III Jakarta is managed by association body of owners, while Apartemen Sejahtera Yogyakarta is managed by a company established by the committee of association body of owners. These different management results different benefit to the unit owners of the apartement.