CORROSION AND FATIGUE OF HEAT TREATED MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL 1.4542 USED FOR GEOTHERMAL APPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20319/mijst.2019.51.138158Keywords:
High Alloyed Steel, Pitting, Corrosion Fatigue, Corrosion, Endurance Limit, CCS, CO2-StorageAbstract
During capture and storage technology (CCS) as well as in geothermal energy production steels need to withstand the corrosive environment such as: heat, pressure, salinity of the aquifer and CO2-partial pressure. 1.4542 shows unusual corrosion phenomena, but is still sufficiently resistant in corrosive environments. To better understand its behaviour differently heat treated coupons of 1.4542 and for comparison X20Cr13 and X46Cr13 were kept in the artificial brine of the Northern German Basin at T=60 °C. Ambient pressure as well as p=100 bar for 700 h - 8000 h in water saturated supercritical CO2 and CO2-saturated synthetic aquifer environment was applied. Fatigue tests were performed via push-pull tests with a series of 30 specimens from 150 MPa to 500 MPa (sinusoidal dynamic test loads, R=-1; resonant frequency ~ 30 Hz). FeCO3 and FeOOH are corrosion products also after dynamic corrosion tests. Martensitic microstructure offers good corrosion resistance in geothermal environment. The S-N-curve showing no typical fatigue strength and very steep slopes of possible fatigue strength for finite life. Possible influencing artefacts, such as Al-inclusions could not be correlated to early rupture despite specimens containing inclusions at the fracture surface and cross section reached lower number of cycles. Applied potential proofed to enhance fatigue life tremendously.
References
Ahmad Z., Allam I.M., Abdul Aleem B.J. (2000). Effect of environmental factors on the atmospheric corrosion of mild steel in aggressive sea coastal environment, Anti Corrosion Methods and Materials, 47, 215-225 https://doi.org/10.1108/00035590010344312
Alhajji J.N. and M.R. Reda M.R. (1993). The effect of alloying elements on the electrochemical corrosion of low residual carbon steels instagnant CO2-saturated brine, Corrosion Science, 34 (11) 1899-1911 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(93)90026-D
Banaś, J., Lelek-Borkowska, U., Mazurkiewicz B., Solarski W. (2007). Effect of CO2 and H2S on the composition and stability of passive film on iron alloy in geothermal water. Electrochimica Acta, 52, 5704–5714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.086
Bilmes P.D., Llorente C.L., Méndez C.M., Gervasi C.A. (2009). Microstructure, heat treatment and pitting corrosion of 13CrNiMo plate and weld metals, Corrosion Science, 51 (4), 876-882 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.01.018
Brown B., Parakala S. R., Nešić S. (2004). CO2 corrosion in the presence of trace amounts of H2S, Corrosion, paper no. 04736, 1-28
Bülbül Ş., Sun Y. (2010). Corrosion behaviours of high Cr-Ni cast steels in the HCl solution. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 598, 143-147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.203
Carvalho D.S, Joia C.J.B, Mattos O.R. (2005). Corrosion rate of iron and iron-chromium alloys in CO2-medium. Corrosion Science, 47, 2974-2986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2005.05.052
Choi, Y.-S. and Nešić, S. (2008). Corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in supercritical CO2-water environments. No. 09256 NACE Corrosion Conf. & Expo, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March 16th – 20th.
Cui, Z.D., Wu, S.L., Zhu, S.L., Yang, X.J. (2006). Study on corrosion properties of pipelines in simulated produced water saturated with supercritical CO2. Applied Surface Science, 252, 2368-2374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.04.008
Cvijović Z. and Radenković G. (2006). Microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance of annealed duplex stainless steel. Corrosion Science, 48,3887-3906 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.04.003
Förster, A et al. (2010) Reservoir characterization of a CO2 storage aquifer: The Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation in the Northeast German Basin. Mar. Pet. Geol., 27, 2156–2172 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.07.010
Förster, A., Norden, B. Zinck-Jørgensen, K. Frykman, P. Kulenkampff, J. Spangenberg, E. Erzinger, J. Zimmer, M. Kopp, J. Borm, G. Juhlin, C. Cosma, C. Hurter, S. (2006), Baseline characterization of the CO2SINK geological storage site at Ketzin, Germany: Environmental Geosciences, 13 (3), 145-161 https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.02080605016
Han J., Yang Y., Nešić S., Brown B. N (2008)., Roles of passivation and galvanic effects in localized CO2 corrosion of mild steel, Paper No. 08332, NACE Corrosion 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March 16th – 20th
Hou B., Li Y., Li Y., Zhang J. (2000). Effect of alloy elements on the anti-corrosion properties of low alloy steel, Bull. Mater. Sci, 23 (3), 189-192 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004722603945 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004832305979 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004718508280 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004755014553
Hurter S. (2008). Impact of Mutual Solubility of H2O and CO2 on Injection Operations for Geological Storage of CO2, International Conference of the Properties of Water and Steem ICPWS, Berlin, September 8-11
Isfahany A. N., Saghafian H., Borhani G. (2011). The effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of AISI420 martensitic stainless steel, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509, 3931-3936 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.12.174
Jiang X., Nešić S., Huet F. (2008). The Effect of Electrode Size on Electrochemical Noise Measurements and the Role of Chloride on Localized CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel, Paper No. 09575, NACE Corrosion 2008 Conference and Expo, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March 16th – 20th
Kraus SW. and Nolze G. (1996). POWDER CELL – a program for the representation and manipulation of crystal structures and calculation of the resulting X-ray powder patterns, J. Appl. Cryst., 29, 301-303 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895014920
Linter B.R., Burstein G.T. (1999). Reactions of pipeline steels in carbon dioxide solutions, Corrosion Science, 41,117-139 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(98)00104-8
Lucio-Garciaa M.A., Gonzalez-Rodrigueza J.G., Casalesc M., Martinezc L., Chacon-Navaa J.G., Neri-Floresa M.A. and Martinez-Villafañea A. (2009). Effect of heat treatment on H2S corrosion of a micro-alloyed C–Mn steel. Corrosion Science, 51, 2380-2386 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.06.022
Madduri, C. and Prakash R. V. (2010). Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Studies in Ni-Cr-Mn steels, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineerin,g 1, 20-25
Masahiro Seo, Electrochemical Society. Corrosion Division (2009). Passivity and localized corrosion: an International Symposium in Honour of Professor Norio Sato, initiation and stability of localized corrosion processes on stein steels. The Electrochemical Society, 483-490
Mu L.J., Zhao W.Z. (2010). Investigation on carbon dioxide corrosion behavior of HP13Cr110 stainless steel in simulated stratum water. Corrosion Science, 52, 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.08.056
Nešić, S. (2007). Key issues related to modelling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines – A review. Corrosion Science, 49, 4308–4338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2007.06.006
Nyborg R. (2005). Controlling Internal Corrosion in Oil and Gas Pipelines, Business Briefing: Exploration & Production: The Oil & Gas Review, 2, 70-74
Park J.-Y., Park Y.-S. (2007). The effects of heat-treatment parameters on corrosion resistance and phase transformation of 14Cr-3Mo martensitic stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering A, 449-451, 1131-1134 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.134
Pfennig A., Bäßler R. (2009). Effect of CO2 on the stability of steels with 1% and 13% Cr in saline water, Corrosion Science, 51 (4), 931-940 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.01.025
Pfennig A., Heynert K., Wolf M., Böllinghaus T. (2014). First in-situ Electrochemical Measurement During Fatigue Testing of Injection Pipe Steels to Determine the Reliability of a Saline Aquifer Water CCS-site in the Northern German Basin. Energy Procedia, 63, 5773-5786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.610 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.609
Pfennig A., Kranzmann A. (2010). The role of pit corrosion in engineering the carbon storage site Ketzin, Germany, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 126, 109-118 https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR100101
Pfennig A., Kranzmann A. (2017). Potential of martensitic stainless steel X5CrNiCuNb 16-4 as pipe steel in corrosive CCS environment, International Conference on Future Environment and Energy ICFEE 2017, Penang, Malaysia, January 8th-10th 2017 https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.7.998
Pfennig A., Wiegand R., Wolf M., Bork C.-P. (2013). Corrosion and corrosion fatigue of AISI 420C (X46Cr13) at 60 °C in CO2-saturated artificial geothermal brine, Corrosion Science, 68, 134–143 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.11.005
Pfennig A., Wolf M., Böllinghaus Th. (2016). Corrosion Fatigue of X46Cr13 in CCS Environment, in Energy Technology 2016: Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies, 1, 49-56
Pfennig A., Wolf M., Gröber A., Böllinghaus T., Kranzmann A. (2016). Corrosion fatigue of 1.4542 exposed to a laboratory saline aquifer water CCS-environment, 13th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-13, 14th -18th November 2016, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Pfennig A., Wolthusen H., Zastrow P., Kranzmann A. (2015). Evaluation of heat treatment performance of potential pipe steels in CCS-environment, Carbon Dioxide Management and Other Technologies, 1, 15-22 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119093220.ch2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48220-0_2
Pfennig A., Zastrow P., Kranzmann A. (2013). Influence of heat treatment on the corrosion behaviour of stainless steels during CO2-sequestration into saline aquifer, International Journal of Green House Gas Control, 15, 213–224 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.02.016
Pfennig, A. Kranzmann A. (2011). Reliability of pipe steels with different amounts of C and Cr during onshore carbon dioxid injection. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 5, 757–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.03.006
Pfennig, A., Wiegand, R., Wolf, M., Bork, C.-P. (2013).Corrosion and corrosion fatigue of AISI 420C (X46Cr13) at 60 °C in CO2-saturated artificial geothermal brine, Corrosion Science 68 (2013) 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.11.005
Pfennig, A., Wolthusen, H., Kranzmann, A. (2017). Unusual corrosion behavior of 1.4542 exposed a laboratory saline aquifer water CCS-environment. Energy Procedia, 114, 5229-5240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1678 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1679
Pfennig, A., Wolthusen, H., Wolf, M., Kranzmann, A. (2014). Effect of heat treatment of injection pipe steels on the reliability of a saline aquifer water CCS-site in the Northern German Basin Energy Procedia, 63, 5762-5772.
Seiersten M. (2001), Material selection for separation, transportation and disposal of CO2, Corrosion paper no. 01042.
Thomas D.C. (2005). Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geologic Formations – Results from CO2 Capture Project, Volume 1: Capture and Separation of Carbon Dioxide form Combustion Sources, CO2 Capture Project, Elsevier Ltd UK, ISBN 0080445748.
Unigovski, Ya.B., Lothongkum, G., Gutman, E.M., Alush, D., Cohen, R. (2009).Low-cycle fatigue behaviour of 316L-type stainless steel in chloride solutions, Corrosion Science, 51, 3014-3120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.08.035
Van den Broek M., Hoefnagels R., Rubin E., Turkenburg W., Faaij A. (2010). Effects of technological learning on future cost and performance of power plants with CO2 capture, in Projects Costs of Generating Electricity. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,177-187
Vignal V., Delrue O., Peultier J., Oltra R. (2007). Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion 5: A Symposium in Honour of Hugh Isaacs, Local mechanical-electrochemical behavior of duplex stainless steels. The Electrochemical Society, 102-104
Wei, L., Pang, X., Liu, C., Gao, K. (2015). Formation mechanism and protective property of corrosion product scale on X70 steel under supercritical CO2 environment. Corrosion Science, 100, 404–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.08.016
Wolf M., Afanasiev R., Böllinghaus T., Pfennig A. (2016). Investigation of Corrosion Fatigue of Duplex Steel X2CrNiMoN22 5 3 Exposed to a Geothermal Environment under Different Electrochemical Conditions and Load Types, 13th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-13, 14th -18th November 2016, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Wu S.L, Cui Z.D., Zhao G.X., Yan M.L., Zhu S.L., Yang X.J. (2004). EIS study of the surface film on the surface of carbon steel form supercritical carbon dioxide corrosion. Applied Surface Science, 228, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2003.12.025
Zhang H., Zhao Y.L, Jiang Z.D. (2005). Effects of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of 13Cr martensitic stainless steel during exposure to CO2 and Cl- environment, Material Letters, 59, 3370-3374 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.06.002
Zhang L., Yang J., Sun J.S., Lu M. (2008). Effect of pressure on wet H2S/CO2 corrosion of pipeline steel, No. 09565, NACE Corrosion 2008 Conference and Expo, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March 16th – 20th
Zhang L., Zhang W., Jiang Y., Deng B., Sun D., Li J. (2008). Influence of annealing treatment on the corrosion resistance of lean duplex stainless steel, NACE Corrosion 2008 Conference and Expo, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March 16th – 20th
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of Published Articles
Author(s) retain the article copyright and publishing rights without any restrictions.
All published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.