Andrea Payaro; Anna Rita Papa. VIABLE SUPPLY CHAINS: THEORETICAL EVOLUTION AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE ITALIAN FMCG SECTOR: Received: 16th February 2026, Revised: 20th February 2026, 23rd February 2026, Accepted: 09th March 2026, Date of Publication: 23rd March 2026. pijss 2026, 12, 34-52.