SPIRITUALITY DIMENSIONS AND THE CARING NURSE-PATIENT INTERACTION SKILLS AMONG ASIAN STUDENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2017.32.130160Keywords:
Nursing, Spirituality, Interaction, Descriptive Correlational, AsiaAbstract
This study aimed to determine how the dimensions of spirituality intelligence affect the caring nurse-patient interaction skills of student nurses from three Asian countries. A descriptive correlation type of research was utilized with questionnaire in Google forms as the main instrument of this study. A total of 184 Asian student-nurses from Indonesia, Philippines and Singapore served as participants. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to statistically analyze the data. Results of the structural model revealed that spiritual intelligence on the aspect of critical existential thinking is significantly related to the caring nurse-patient interaction skills in terms of humanism (β=0.164), helping relationship (β=-0.178), problem solving (β=0.131), and environment (β=.-0.538). Moreover, spiritual intelligence on the aspect of personal meaning production is significantly related to the caring nurse-patient interaction skills in terms of helping relationship (β=-0.154), problem solving (β=0.126) and needs (β=-0.174). It was also found out that the spiritual intelligence on the aspect of conscious state expansion is significantly related to the caring nurse-patient interaction skills in terms of humanism (β=-0.128), hope (β=0.197) and helping relationship (β=-0.149). Further analysis of the structural model revealed that the spiritual intelligence on the aspect of transcendental awareness is significantly related to the caring nurse-patient interaction skills in terms of problem solving (β=0.012) and spirituality (β=-0.246). It is recommended to mainstream spirituality in nursing education courses to foster a humanistic outlook in establishing a caring interaction between student nurses and the recipients of nursing care.
References
Amram, Y. (2007, February). The seven dimensions of spiritual intelligence: An ecumenical, grounded theory. Paper presented at the 115th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
Amram, Y., & Dryer, C. (2007). The development and preliminary validation of the Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS). Unpublished manuscript.
Bertrand, M. (2003). Managing with style: The effect of managers on firm policies. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1169-1208. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552775
Calmorin, L. P., & Calmorin, M. A. (1998). Methods of Research and Thesis Writing. Mandaluyong City: Rex Book Store.
Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information systems research, 14(2), 189-217. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018
Cossette, S., Cara, C., Ricard, N., & Pepin, J. (2005). Development and psychometric evaluation of a scale to assess patient-nurse interactions with a caring worldview. Int J Nurs Stud, 42, 673-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.10.004
Dent, Higgins, & Wharff (2005). Spiritual transcendence as a predictor of psychosocial outcome from an outpatient substance abuse program. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 213-222.
Edwards, A. C. (2003). Response to the spiritual intelligence debate: Are some conceptual distinctions needed here? The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13, 49-52. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1301_05
Emmons, R. A. (2000a). Is spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, and the psychology of ultimate concern. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10, 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_2
Emmons, R. A. (2000b). Spirituality and intelligence: Problems and prospects. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10, 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_6
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Fry, P. S. (1998). The development of personal meaning and wisdom in adolescence. In P. T. Wong & P. S. Fry (Eds.), The human quest for meaning: A handbook of the psychological research and clinical applications (pp. 91-110). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Fry, P. S. (2000). Religious involvement, spirituality and personal meaning for life: Existential predictors of psychological wellbeing in community-residing and institutional care elders. Aging and Mental Health, 4, 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1080/713649965
Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.
Gardner, H. (1997). Extraordinary minds: Portraits of exceptional individuals and an examination of our extraordinariness. New York: Basic Books.
Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. New York: Basic Books.
Gardner, H. (2000). A case against spiritual intelligence. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_3
Hair Jr, J. F., & Anderson, R. E. TATHAM, RL (1987), Multivariate Data Analysis.
Hair, J. F., & Jnr, B. (2009). BJ, & Anderson, RE (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective.
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199902)20:2<195::AID-SMJ13>3.0.CO;2-7
Hyde, B. (2004). Children and spirituality: Searching for meaning and connectedness. Jessica Kingsley Publishers
King, M., Speck, P., & Thomas, A. (2001). The royal free interview for spiritual and religious beliefs: Development and validation of a self-report version. Psychological Medicine, 31, 1015-1023. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291701004160
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration (IJeC), 11(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015010101 https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015040101 https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015070101
Mayer, J. D. (2000). Spiritual intelligence or spiritual consciousness? The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_5
Nasel, D. D. (2004). Spiritual orientation in relation to spiritual intelligence: A consideration of traditional Christianity and New Age/individualistic spirituality. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Australia.
Neiman, A. M. (2000). Self-examination, philosophical education and spirituality. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 34(4), 571-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00195
Nunnally, J. (1978). C.(1978). Psychometric theory, 2.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. Oliva, TA, Oliver, RL, & MacMillan, IC (1992). A catastrophe model for developing service satisfaction strategies. Journal of Marketing, 56, 83-95.
Owens, E. (2011). Pedagogy and spirituality in higher education: Perspectives, practices, and possibilities. Spirituality in higher education: Autoethnographies, 147-162.
Parsons, J. English, L. M. & Fenwick, T. J., (2005). Interrogating Our Practices of Integrating Spirituality into Workplace Education. Australian journal of adult learning, 45(1), 7-28.
Rogers, J. (2003). Teaching spirituality in public higher education. Religion and Education, 30(1), 24-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/15507394.2003.10012316
Sternberg, R. J. (1997). The concept of intelligence and its role in lifelong learning and success. American Psychologist, 52, 1030-1037. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.10.1030
Strizenec, M. (2005). Shall we assess the spiritual intelligence? Ceskoslovenská Psychologie, 49, 367-373.
Tisdell, E. J. (2003). Exploring spirituality and culture in adult and higher education. John Wiley & Sons.
Tomey, A., & Alligood, M. R. (2006). Nursing theorists and their work . St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Elsevier. Call Number: REF. RT84, 5, N92006.
Vaughan, F. (2002). What is spiritual intelligence? Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42, 16-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167802422003
Watson, J. (1999). Watson’s theory of transpersonal caring. Blueprint for use of nursing models: Education, research, practice, and administration, 141-184.
Wolman, R. N. (2001). Thinking with your soul: Spiritual intelligence and why it matters. New York: Harmony Books.
Yang, K. P. (2006). The spiritual intelligence of nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Nursing Research, 14(1), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JNR.0000387559.26694.0b
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2000). SQ: Connecting with our spiritual intelligence. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2000). SQ: Connecting with our spiritual intelligence. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of Published Articles
Author(s) retain the article copyright and publishing rights without any restrictions.
All published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
