HERZBERG’S THEORY AND JOB SATISFACTION OF SCHOOL NURSES IN BAHRAIN

Faten Ali Hasani

doi:10.20319/lijhls.2020.61.0116

Authors

Faten Ali Hasani Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2020.61.0116

Keywords:

School Nurses, Herzberg’s Theory, Job Satisfaction, Motivation Factors, Hygiene Factors, Job dis-Satisfaction

Abstract

School nurses are a vital part of the academic life and success of students in the schools, as they satisfy all students’ health needs and provide them with optimal healthcare so that they can undertake their academic tasks. In order to better understand these roles, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting job satisfaction of school nurses in Bahrain within the views of Herzberg’s two-factor theory by explaining how certain factors of a job provide job satisfaction, while other factors provide job dissatisfaction. This study used a mixed-method approach: a total of 142 school nurses in Bahrain were surveyed and data were collected using the Measure for Job Satisfaction (MJS) (Traynor & Wade, 1993) to measure job satisfaction. Twenty-seven school nurses were subsequently recruited for interviews using a purposeful sampling procedure. The data were subjected to thematic analysis using Burnard’s (1991) framework. Results from the surveys were indicative of a generally high level of job satisfaction among school nurses in Bahrain. The areas which contributed most strongly to this satisfaction, by way of statistical significance, were perceptions of the standard of care provided, professional support that the nurses received, the manageability of assigned workloads and personal satisfaction.

References

AAP Policy Statement Recommends Full Time Nurse in Every School. (2016). (Online). https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/AAP-Policy-Statement-Recommends-Full-Time-Nurse-in-Every-School.aspx. Accessed 5/6/2018

Bagheri, S., Kousha, A., Janati, A. and Asghari-Jafarabadi, M. (2012). Factors influencing the job satisfaction of health system employees in Tabriz, Iran. Health promotion perspectives. Vol. 2, pp. 190-6.

Ball, J.(2003).Understanding Herzberg's motivation theory. Online http://www.chinaacc.com/upload/html/2013/06/26/lixingcun841e7885772f4e7f907bf6272b185c41.pdf .Accessed 4/3/2019

Bandura, A., and Locke, E. A. (2008). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology.Vol.88, no.1, pp. 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.87

Bogaert, P. V., Adriaenssens, J., Dilles, T., Martens, D., Van Rompaey, B., and Timmermans, O. (2014). Impact of role-, job- and organizational characteristics on Nursing Unit Managers’ work related stress and well-being. Journal of Advanced Nursing.Vol. 70, no.11, pp. 2622-2633. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12449

Burnard, P. (1991). A method of analyzing interview transcripts in qualitative research. Nurse Education Today. Vol. 11, pp. 461–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-6917(91)90009-Y

Butler, M. & Rose, E. (2011). Introduction to Organizational Behaviour, Edited London: Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development

Dartey-Baah, K.and Harlley, A. (2010). Job Satisfaction and Motivation: Understanding its impact on employee commitment and organisational performance. Academic Leadership: The Online Journal. Vol. 8, no. 4. Online. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1539&context=alj. Accessed 10/3/2019

Darwish, A. Y. (1998) .Satisfaction with job security as a predictor of organizational commitment and job performance in a multicultural environment", International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 19, no. 3, pp.184-194 https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729810216694

Dasborough, M. T. (2006). Cognitive asymmetry in employee affective reactions to leadership behaviors. The Center for Creative Leadership.Vol. 3,no.4, pp. 234-456.

Guenette, M. (2014). School Nurse Job Satisfaction, Provision of Health Education and Student Attendance. Honors Project 26, p.Online. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/nursing_honproj/46. Accessed 4/1/2018

Hayes, B. ,Bonner, A. and Pryor, J. (2010). Factors contributing to nurse job satisfaction in the acute hospital setting: A review of recent literature. Journal of Nursing Management. Vol.18, pp. 804 - 814. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01131.x

Hearne, L. (2013). Ethical Research in Guidance Counselling,. (Online). https://www.ncge.ie/sites/default/files/schoolguidance/docs/ethical-research-in-guidance-counselling.pdf . Accessed 7/8/2016

Hegney, D., Eley, R., Plank, A., Buikstra, E. and Parker, V. (2006). Workplace violence in Queensland, Australia: the results of a comparative study. International Journal of Nursing Practice. Vol 12, no.4, pp. 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2006.00571.x

Hirschfeld, R. R. (2000). Validity studies. Does revising the intrinsic and extrinsic subscales of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form make a difference?. Educational Psychological Measurement. Vol .60, pp: 255-270 https://doi.org/10.1177/00131640021970493

Iliopoulou, K. K., and While, A. E. (2010). Professional autonomy and job satisfaction: survey of critical care nurses in mainland Greece. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Vol.66, no. 11, pp. 2520-2531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05424.x

Kanfer, R and Chen,G.(2016)Motivation in organizational behavior: History, advances and prospects .Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.136, pp. 6-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.06.002

May, V (2010), Realities Toolkit #12: What to do with contradictory data? National Centre for Research Methods, University of Manchester. UK. (Online). http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/1322/1/12-toolkit-contradictory-data.pdf. Accessed 19/4/2019

McHugh, M. D., and Ma, C. (2014). Wage, work environment, and staffing: effects on nurse outcomes. Policy, politics & nursing practice. Vol 15, no.3, pp. 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154414546868

McPhie, N.A. G.(2006). Designing an Effective Pay for Performance Compensation System. Online. https://www.mspb.gov/MSPBSEARCH/viewdocs.aspx?docnumber=224104&version=224323&application=ACROBAT. Accessed 8/3/2019

Okan, T., and Akyüz, A. M. (2015). Exploring the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction with the mediating role of the level of loyalty to supervisor. Business & Economics Research Journal. Vol.6, no.4, pp. 155-177.

Roelen, C., Koopmans, P., and Groothoff, J. (2008). Which work factors determine job satisfaction?. Work Journal .Vol30, no.4, pp. 433.

Shaffer. F. A. (2017). An Unconventional Path Leads to a Lifetime Commitment to the Nursing Profession, Nursing Administration Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp.247 https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000240

Shinde, S. V.(2018).functions of Management. Laxmi book publication.solopur.India.Online. https://books.google.com.bh/books?id=A21ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147&dq=The+organization+policies+should+be+fair+and+clear+not+be+too+rigid+and+flexible+working+hours,+dress+code,+breaks,+vacation,+etc&source=bl&ots=GHazg7MxuU&sig=ACfU3U0aKA8ABXTemzQv_1iu0j6MiVMGZg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMrfSLk_3gAhX5VBUIHQsJBXMQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=The%20organization%20policies%20should%20be%20fair%20and%20clear%20not%20be%20too%20rigid%20and%20flexible%20working%20hours%2C%20dress%20code%2C%20breaks%2C%20vacation%2C%20etc&f=false. Accessed 10/3/2019

Stello, C.M. (2009). Herzberg’s two-factor theory of job satisfaction: an integrative literature review. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences.Vol.5, no.14, pp. 70-103.

Swann, W.B., Jr. (1996). Self-traps: The elusive quest for higher self-esteem. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co

Tatsuse, T., and Sekine, M. (2011). Explaining global job satisfaction by facets of job satisfaction: the Japanese civil servants study. Environ Health Prev Med. Vol.16, no.2, pp. 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-010-0173-y

Tober, C. (2019). How to Cope With Employees Reporting to Multiple Bosses. (Online). http://work.chron.com/cope-employees-reporting-multiple-bosses-2828.html. Assessed 19/4/2019

Traynor, M., and Wade, B. (1993). The development of a measure of job satisfaction for use in monitoring the morale of community nurses in four trusts. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18010127.x

Williams, M. (2014). School nurses face challenges daily. News Leader. (Online) http://www.newsleader.com/story/news/local/2014/04/16/school-nurses-face-challenges-daily-/7790661/ Accessed 1/3/2017