IN PURSUE OF A SHORT-TERM EEG NEUROFEEDBACK THEORY: RESEARCH OUTLINE AND FIRST RESEARCH OUTCOMES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2020.62.4362Keywords:
EEG Neurofeedback, Game, Treatment, Within-Subject DesignAbstract
This paper presents an overview of the methodological road map constructed to clarify several reoccurring issues in EEG neurofeedback (NF) research, namely the problems with small samples and with a vast multitude of variables. Data, both qualitative and quantitative, from three studies (n=3, n=7, and n=16) and design of two research steps yet to be completed are presented to illustrate our methodological standing point. Furthermore, we aim to explore the usefulness of conceptualizing neurofeedback experience as a “game” in a research context, in contrast to the prevalent “neurofeedback as treatment” conceptualization. Overview of performed and planned research steps relying on mixed methods work with introspective data and EEG recordings as well as suggestions for direction of future research in the field of EEG neurofeedback are presented together with a brief description of an open-source application for neurofeedback practice and research, an application developed to help to build the short-term EEG neurofeedback theory.
References
Aart, J. v., Klaver, E., Micolaud Bartneck, C., Feijs, L., & Peters, P. (2007). Neurofeedback Gaming for Wellbeing. Proceedings of the Brain-Computer Interfaces and Games Workshop at the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, Salzburg, pp. 3-4
Braun, V., Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3:2, 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Breteler, R. (2016). Associations between different feedback periods and learning in individual upper alpha feedback. Paper presented at the meeting of College of Psychiatrists, Singapour. Abstract retrieved from https://www.ru.nl/bsi/bsi/symposium-essentials-eeg-neurofeedback-theory/
Button, K., Ioannidis, J., Mokrysz, C. et al. (2013). Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci, 14, 365–376. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3475
Coenen, F., Scheepers, F. E., Palmen, S. J., Jonge, M. V., & Oranje, B. (2019). Serious Games as Potential Therapies: A Validation Study of a Neurofeedback Game. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 51(2), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059419869471
Curran, P. J. & Hussong, A. M. (2009). Integrative data analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple data sets. Psychological Methods,14:81–100 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015914
Creswell, J.W., Piano Clark, V. L. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed method research. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689807306132
https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806298644
Dagenais, E., Leroux-Boudreault, A., El-Baalbaki, G., Bégin, J. (2014). Doubting the Efficacy/Effectiveness of Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback in Treating Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Is As Yet Unjustified. J Clin Psychiatry;75(7): pp. 778–779 https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14lr09043
Jack, A. & Roepstorff, A. (2002). Introspection and cognitive brain mapping: From stimulus-response to script-report. Trends in cognitive sciences. 6. 333-339. 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01941-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01941-1
Kaplan, C. (2017). Sonic EEG neurofeedback environment to train emotional self-regulation – Piloting mixed-method approach to the assessment of training effectivity, perceived control over the game and motivation induced during the first training session. In: K. Dimopoulos, P. Gkasis, E. Kalyva, T. Lagkas, Z. Tatsioka (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th Annual South-East European Doctoral Student Conference: Infusing Research and Knowledge in South-East Europe. (pp 207 -224). Thessaloniki: SEERS.
Kaplan, C. (2018). Like catching a wave: Qualitative study of EEG neurofeedback game controls. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences. 4. pp. 436-457. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.42.436457
Kaplan, C. (2020, April 19). SONIAC. Retrieved from https://osf.io/52q4b/
Kramer, W. (2000). What is a Game? Retrieved August 16, 2020, from http://www.thegamesjournal.com/articles/WhatIsaGame.shtml
Kropotov, J. D. (2016). Neurofeedback. In J. D. Kropotov (Author), Functional neuromarkers for psychiatry: Applications for diagnosis and treatment (pp. 247-266). Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier/Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410513-3.00016-4
Luck, S. J., & Gaspelin, N. (2016). How to get statistically significant effects in any ERP experiment (and why you shouldn’t). Psychophysiology, 54(1), pp. 146–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12639
Marzbani, H., Marateb, H. R., & Mansourian, M. (2016). Neurofeedback: a comprehensive review on system design, methodology and clinical applications. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 7 (2), pp. 143-158. https://doi.org/10.15412/J.BCN.03070208
Moustafa, A. A., Diallo, T. M. O., Amoroso, N., Zaki, N., Hassan, M. and Alashwal, H. (2018). Applying Big Data Methods to Understanding Human Behavior and Health. Front. Comput. Neurosci. 12:84. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2018.00084
Meehl, P. E. (1967). Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox Philosophy of Science, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jun., 1967), pp. 103-115 http://www.jstor.org/stable/186099 https://doi.org/10.1086/288135
Micoulaud-Franchi, J.A., McGonigal, A., Lopeze, R., Daudetf, C., Kotwash, I., Bartolomei, F. (2015). Electroencephalographic neurofeedback: Level of evidence in mental and brain disorders and suggestions for good clinical practice. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 45, pp. 423-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2015.10.077
Micoulaud-Franchi, J., Fovet, T., Thibault, R. T., & Raz, A. (2018). Two part correspondence: A framework for disentangling the hyperbolic truth of neurofeedback; A Consensus Framework for Neurofeedback Research. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/apzs7
Omejc, N., Rojc, B., Battaglini, P. P., & Marusic, U. (2018). Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2018.3785
Perl, M. & Perl, D. (2019). EEG amplitude neurofeedback: a review of the research. Asia Pacific Journal of Neurotherapy, Vol 1, No 1, pp. 44–55.
Perrino, T., Howe, G., Sperling, A., Beardslee, W., Sandler, I., Shern, D., Pantin, H., Kaupert, S., Cano, N., Cruden, G., Bandiera, F., & Brown, C. H. (2013). Advancing Science Through Collaborative Data Sharing and Synthesis. Perspectives on psychological science: a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 8(4), pp. 433–444. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613491579
Philippens, I. H., & Vanwersch, R. A. (2010). Neurofeedback training on sensorimotor rhythm in marmoset monkeys. NeuroReport, 21(5), 328-332. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e3283360ba8
Ravitch, S.M. & Carl, N.M. (2014). Qualitative Research: Bridging the Conceptual, Theoretical, and Methodological. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Ros, T., Gruzelier, J. (2010). The immediate effects of EEG neurofeedback on cortical excitability and synchronization. In R. Coben, J.R. Evans (Eds.) Neurofeedback and neuromodulation techniques and applications. (381-400). London: Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382235-2.00014-7
Ros, T. et al. (2020). Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioural neurofeedback studies (CRED-nfchecklist), Brain, awaa009, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa009
Strehl, U. (2014). What learning theories can teach us in designing neurofeedback treatments. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00894
Sullivan, G. M., Feinn, R. (2012). Using Effect Size—or Why the P Value Is Not Enough. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4, 3, pp. 279-282. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-12-00156.1
Thibault, R.T., Lifshitz, M., Birbaumer, N., & Raz, A. (2015). Neurofeedback, self-regulation, and brain imaging: clinical science and fad in the service of mental disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 84 (4), pp. 193-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371714.
Thibault, R. T., Lifshitz, M., & Raz, A. (2017). Neurofeedback or neuroplacebo? Brain, 140(4), 862-864. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx033
Wyrwicka, W., & Sterman, M. B. (1968). Instrumental conditioning of sensorimotor cortex EEG spindles in the waking cat. Physiology & Behavior, 3(5), 703-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(68)90139-X
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of Published Articles
Author(s) retain the article copyright and publishing rights without any restrictions.
All published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
