https://grdspublishing.org/index.php/PUPIL/issue/feed 2025-02-25T08:48:08+00:00 Editor, PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning editor@grdspublishing.org Open Journal Systems <p><strong>ISSN</strong> <strong>2457-0648</strong></p> https://grdspublishing.org/index.php/PUPIL/article/view/2617 2025-02-10T09:04:27+00:00 Athanasia Panagiotidou at.panagiotidou@gmail.com

<p><em>The contribution of formative assessment in teaching and learning process has been widely proven to be very important. The role of teachers in its implementation is also really crucial. However, the way in that formative assessment is implemented in the educational context is not satisfactory for many reasons. Although personal and contextual factors are really important in order for teachers to apply formative assessment practices, it seems that studies and systematic analysis about this topic are rare. This literature review aims to shed light on the relationship between self-efficacy as an important personal factor in implementing formative assessment and formative assessment itself. The results of this literature review showed that more studies need to be carried out in order to gain a better understanding.</em></p>

2025-01-22T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://grdspublishing.org/index.php/PUPIL/article/view/2618 2025-02-25T08:48:08+00:00 Ya-Hui Lee yahuilee@ccu.edu.tw Hsien-Ta Cha da606415053@alum.ccu.edu.tw

<p><em>Global aging presents a significant challenge, leading to the rise of the concept of "encore career," where continue working after retirement benefits individuals, families, and society. This study aims to explore the re-employment process of middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan through self-employment. Using qualitative research methods, 33 successfully self-re-employed individuals were interviewed, with an average age of 57.3 and an average self-employment duration of 5.6 years. Findings include: (1) External factors for re-employment include meeting economic needs and ensuring financial security, while intrinsic motivation centers on self-fulfillment; (2) Learning motivation stems from acquiring knowledge and experience in new work; (3) Participants overcame employment challenges through self-empowerment, consulting experts, persistent efforts, and leveraging past experiences and resources; (4) Benefits of re-employment include a sense of achievement, expanded social networks, and enhanced quality of life. These findings provide insight for policymakers and middle-aged or elderly individuals considering self-employment.</em></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

2025-02-20T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025